Penguin is a species of bird that can not fly, from family Spheniscidae, there are 17 species of penguins and almost all of them breeding in the hemisphere selatan.Nama Penguin believed to derive from the Welsh language "gwyn pen" which means "white kepa" name was originally applied for bird "great auk".

Great auk was a bird that lives hemisphere

north, and to have become extinct in the 19th century, Great auk looks similar to penguin and can not fly, the extinction of the Great auk probably caused by sailors who used it as a food source.

Penguin bone structure is different from birds usually fly, penguins have framework much heavier and stronger, while ordinary birds must have a framework that is as light as possible because it will help to make the flight.

The average bird who can fly is the result of a combination of thin and hollow bones, and have adequate strength and supported with light weight, while the penguin must have a solid framework to counter the buoyancy of the water when diving below the water surface.

Penguin skeleton is very different from other birds especially around furkula and sternum it is due to the different functions of movement between the penguins and birds lainya.Perbedaan bone structure is providing important clues to distinguish fossil penguins and other birds.

The first penguin fossil found is "Palaeeudyptes" were discovered in the 19th century in New Zealand, the fossils were found in rocks about 25 million years old, the largest penguin fossil found pernaah size, equal to the size of a human. Until now there has never been another penguin fossils found in the northern hemisphere.

Apart from the long evolutionary history of species of penguins that exist today are not much changed from their ancestors, they mostly have the upper part of the body black and the bottom is white, it will greatly help to disguise the penguin with the color of the sky when the penguins were swimming when viewed of bawah.Akan but when penguins swim in the deep ocean when viewed from the top of the penguin will be dark color blind.

Penguin had feathers waterproof and interrelated, so as to provide a barrier that is highly effective against water, feathers shut her up so very little air is trapped on each strand of fur, of course it will be very helpful when penguins dive, thus preventing the penguin to float.

When a penguin on land feathers standing upright so as to menyebak layer of warm air that is very useful to provide cool air insulation, other than that penguins have a thick fat deposits under the skin so that their body temperature is maintained.

The foot penguin is not covered by feathers, the penguins can keep the temperature of his feet by flowing warm blood to the legs, when he got in leg blood penguin back cold, then cold blood from the legs is sent again to the body, system vascular This can limit the amount of blood that flows to the fin and the foot so that the temperature of the foot can be maintained at point 6 degrees Celsius despite the body's core temperature reaches 39 degrees Celsius, it can reduce the amount of heat lost during the cold weather, the hot weather the process of vascular this dapaat reversed so as to maintain the body temperature penguin remains stable.